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1. Download Free Fonts and Free Dingbats at UrbanFonts.com. Our site carries over 30,000 PC fonts and Mac fonts. You can customize your experience with live font previews. All fonts are categorized and can be saved for quick reference and comparison.
2. But it takes the time to find cool fonts that are free yet of high quality. In this case, we suggest that you have a look at myfonts.com, where there are thousands of quality fonts that we found cool.

When working on a project yourself, freebies like these can come to the rescue when you have to get along on a tight budget but, more often that that, they simply are the missing piece that’ll make your design complete.

In this post, we hand-picked 30 fonts that are bound to give your project the finishing touch, and maybe even inspire you to something entirely new. The fonts can all be downloaded for free. However, please note that some of them are free for personal use only and are clearly marked as such in the description. Also, please be sure to check the license agreements before using a font in your project as they may change from time to time.

For more free font goodness, also check out the following posts:

L-7 Stencil

Luis Calzadilla’s font L-7 Stencil is a good match for all those occasions when you want to make a bold statement while keeping the typeface itself rather than sleek and slim. Characteristic for the sans-serif font are the stencil-style, fragmented letters and the rounded terminals. The font supports capital letters and numbers and can be used for free in personal projects. If you want to use it in a commercial project, please be sure to credit the designer.

Westfalia

It’s not only the name of the brush sans Westfalia that wakes allusions of the famous campervan. With its hand-drawn feel, messy edges, and varied line thickness, the font also caters for a warm feeling of authenticity and adventure. Westfalia comes in one weight, with capital letters, numbers and punctuation marks, and works especially well as bold headings or on posters. It’s free to use for both personal and commercial projects.

Setta Script

If you’re looking for something to add a personal touch to your projects, the modern calligraphy typeface Setta Script might be for you. It comes with 244 glyphs and 69 alternate characters with Opentype features. Ligatures are also supported. A perfect match for greeting cards and invitations.

Old Growth

Inspired by the old growth forests of the West Coast, Old Growth is a rough sans-serif font with edges as uneven as the treetops in the woods. This one works especially well for branding, quotes, and headlines. You’re free to use the font to your liking in personal as well as commercial projects.

Moderne Sans

Inspired by the typography of the 1920’s, Marius Kempken designed Moderne Sans. The typeface is based on uppercase letters, but lowercase letters and numbers are included in the font, too. You may use Moderne Sans freely in both personal as well as commercial work.

Octanis

The font family Octanis beautifully merges the new and the old. It comes in eight styles ranging from modern, even a bit futuristic sans-serif versions to a rather vintage-inspired slab serif. A nice choice for headlines and logos, but also paragraphs of text look great with it. You may use the typeface for free in both personal and commercial projects.

Escafina

A balanced upright script with style and moxie. That’s Escafina. Escafina is a modern interpretation of the letters you usually find in mid-century advertising and signage. It comes in three styles (high, medium, and low) and supports over 100 languages. Personal licenses are pay-as-you-want.

Noto

You know those little boxes that appear when a computer can’t render a character? Because of their shape, they are often referred to as “tofu”. Google’s answer to these little boxes is a font family that aims to support all existing languages and, thus, put an end to “tofu”. And what name could be better suited for such an undertaking as “Noto”, which is assembled from “no more tofu”? The Noto typeface comes in multiple styles and weights and is freely available. Perfect for when your project needs to support languages that other fonts usually fail to display.

Bonfire

To give your project an authentic, handmade touch, Bonfire might be just what you were looking for. The hand-drawn brush font shines with its unique swashes. The free version includes upper and lowercase letters in one style that you may use for personal projects.

Etna

If you’re looking for a typeface with a seamless flow that still makes a bold statement, Etna may be one for you. Characteristic for Etna are the pointy edges of the capital letters that majestically stand out like the tip of a mountain. While the full version covers Latin as well as Cyrillic alphabets, the free version comes with Latin characters only. Free for personal use.

Vintii

Vintii is certainly a friendly and playful typeface that doesn’t take itself too seriously. With its cut-out looks, it’s a good catch for headlines and short descriptions, but it’s readable in larger blocks of text as well. The font contains all basic glyphs and characters and can be used to your liking.

Plume

To create his typeface Plume, Krišjānis Mežulis chose a quite extraordinary approach: He used a thick brush to paint the individual letters, numbers, and punctuation marks on a plastic surface. The result: a crisp typeface with a unique splashed look.

Coves

Simple rounded shapes and a sleek overall look are the determining elements of the font Coves. It comes in two weights (light and bold) and offers full glyph support. You’re free to use Coves in personal projects. If you’re interested in a commercial license, please be sure to contact the designer.

Zefani

Zefani is a typeface with a strong character and an elegant, sophisticated look. The stencil version comes with uppercase letters and can be used for free in private projects.

Kano

If you’re looking for a font with personality that is humble enough not to steal your content the show, check out Kano. With its geometric structure and sharp edge points, it makes a statement that is ideal for logos, posters, and other typographic work. Kano is free to use in personal and commercial projects.

Ailerons

Ailerons can be translated as “little wing” in French, and that’s exactly where the typeface sought its inspiration: in aircraft models of the 1940s. The typeface is clean and stylish and works especially well for titles. You may use it freely as long as it’s for personal use only. If you’re interested in using Ailerons in a commercial project, please contact the designer.

Noelan Script

Do you have a sweet spot for handlettering? Then, take a look at Noelan Script. The modern calligraphy typeface comes with Opentype features that allow swashes to be automatically connected for intial and terminal. And to improve the handwritten look even further, you can mix and match alternate characters for more variety. Noelan is free for personal and commercial use.

Phalanx

Inspired by vintage print catalogs from the early 1900s, Mark Richardson set out to create a typeface that captures the aesthetics of the era. What came out of it, is the free font Phalanx, and, well, rustic and honest are probably the words that best describe its look. Phalanx comes with a full uppercase alphabet and numbers. You’re free to use it as you wish.

Shkoder 1989

How about some 90s vibes for a change? Shkoder 1989 seeks inspiration in the good things of the decade: sports, tech, and everything else that inspired a kid of the time. The typeface consists of caps, numbers, and a lot of glyphs that make it a good fit also for non-English projects. Two weights – one light, one black – are available. You may use Shkoder 1989 for any kind of project. If you decide to use it commercially, shoot the designers an email – they’d love to hear about it.

Wayward

A font that beautifully captures the aesthetic found in popular handwriting pieces is Wayward. The uppercase alphabet pairs well with script lettering and gives branding projects a personal touch. Free to use, also commercially.

Aqua Grotesque

Aqua Grotesque is a grotesque typeface with a retro, 1940s touch. Its crisp, geometric shapes cater for a fresh and unique look. Feel free to use it as you like.

Daddy

“A funny font for funny people.” That’s how the font Daddy describes itself. Originally created for a children’s book, Daddy is bound to bring a fresh and playful twist to any kind of project. It’s free to use, even commercially.

Santral

A sharp and precise design that enables a clear communication with the reader – that’s Santral. Santral was designed with a focus on keeping the balance between visual perfection and optical impression. The complete font family includes twelve weights and italic versions, two of them (Light and Light Italic) can be downloaded for free for personal projects.

Hensa

The hand-painted brush script typeface Hensa is a nice choice for logos, packaging, greeting cards and the like. It supports standard Latin characters (upper- and lowercase), numerals, punctuation, ligatures, and – for the extra handmade touch – a set of swashes. Free for private and commercial use.

Affogato

Its high x-height and long descenders make Affogato an unusually expressive, yet friendly, typeface. It comes in five weights and a vast variety of glyphs which make it a good fit for diacritic-heavy languages, too. Affogato looks especially good as display type or in logos, but body copy works well, too. You may use it for free (also commercially) or can pay what you want for a license to show the designer your appreciation.

Stijla

How about something experimental for a change? Inspired by Kandinsky and Gestalt’s optical research, Alfonso Armenteros Parras designed Stijla, a typeface that wants to push the boundaries of legibility. The free version comes with a standard Latin alphabet and numbers.

Accent

Another rather experimental font is Accent. The combination of fine lines and bold geometric shapes works best for short titles and short words. You may use Accent for free in both personal and commercial projects.

Soria

Art nouveau and the modern Didot typeface were the source of inspiration for Soria. Soria comes with a good selection of glyphs and beautiful ligatures. A timely piece with a unique, vintage touch.

Orkney

A unique yet functional font is Orkney. With its geometric look and a high level of readability also in small font sizes, it works well in both print and web projects. The Orkney family includes four weights with more than 400 characters and wide language support. Released under the SIL Open Font License, you may use it commercially.

Multicolore

Technically speaking, Multicolore isn’t a font as it’s multicolored and you cannot write with it in your favorite program either. Instead, you’ll need a vector editing application to create text with it. But that’s nothing to worry about as the bold and playful fellow is best suited for text that includes only a few words anyhow. Multicolore comes in EPS, AI and PDF formats and is free even for commercial use.

Did you stumble across a free font recently that caught your attention? We’d love to hear about it in the comments!

In metal typesetting, a font was a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font was a matched set of type, one piece (called a 'sort') for each glyph, and a typeface consisting of a range of fonts that shared an overall design.

In modern usage, with the advent of digital typography, 'font' is frequently synonymous with 'typeface'. Each style is in a separate 'font file'—for instance, the typeface 'Bulmer' may include the fonts 'Bulmer roman', 'Bulmer italic', 'Bulmer bold' and 'Bulmer extended'—but the term 'font' might be applied either to one of these alone or to the whole typeface.

In both traditional typesetting and modern usage, the word 'font' refers to the delivery mechanism of the typeface design. In traditional typesetting, the font would be made from metal or wood. Today, the font is a digital file.

• 3Characteristics
  • 3.7Character variants

Etymology[edit]

The word font (traditionally spelled fount in British English, but in any case pronounced /fɒnt/) derives from Middle Frenchfonte'[something that has been] melted; a casting'.^[1] The term refers to the process of casting metal type at a type foundry.

Metal type[edit]

In a manual printing (letterpress) house the word 'font' would refer to a complete set of metal type that would be used to typeset an entire page. Upper- and lowercase letters get their names because of which case the metal type was located in for manual typesetting: the more distant upper case or the closer lower case. The same distinction is also referred to with the terms majuscule and minuscule.

Unlike a digital typeface, a metal font would not include a single definition of each character, but commonly used characters (such as vowels and periods) would have more physical type-pieces included. A font when bought new would often be sold as (for example in a Roman alphabet) 12pt 14A 34a, meaning that it would be a size 12-point font containing 14 uppercase 'A's, and 34 lowercase 'A's.

The rest of the characters would be provided in quantities appropriate for the distribution of letters in that language. Some metal type characters required in typesetting, such as dashes, spaces and line-height spacers, were not part of a specific font, but were generic pieces which could be used with any font.^[2] Line spacing is still often called 'leading', because the strips used for line spacing were made of lead (rather than the harder alloy used for other pieces). The reason for this spacing strip being made from 'lead' was because lead was a softer metal than the traditional forged metal type pieces (which was part lead, antimony and tin) and would compress more easily when 'locked-up' in the printing 'chase' (i.e. a carrier for holding all the type together).

In the 1880s–1890s, 'hot lead' typesetting was invented, in which type was cast as it was set, either piece by piece (as in the Monotype technology) or in entire lines of type at one time (as in the Linotype technology).

Characteristics[edit]

In addition to the character height, when using the mechanical sense of the term, there are several characteristics which may distinguish fonts, though they would also depend on the script(s) that the typeface supports. In European alphabetic scripts, i.e. Latin, Cyrillic and Greek, the main such properties are the stroke width, called weight, the style or angle and the character width.

The regular or standard font is sometimes labeled roman, both to distinguish it from bold or thin and from italic or oblique. The keyword for the default, regular case is often omitted for variants and never repeated, otherwise it would be Bulmer regular italic, Bulmer bold regular and even Bulmer regular regular. Roman can also refer to the language coverage of a font, acting as a shorthand for 'Western European'.

Different fonts of the same typeface may be used in the same work for various degrees of readability and emphasis, or in a specific design to make it be of more visual interest.

Weight[edit]

The weight of a particular font is the thickness of the character outlines relative to their height.

A typeface may come in fonts of many weights, from ultra-light to extra-bold or black; four to six weights are not unusual, and a few typefaces have as many as a dozen. Many typefaces for office, web and non-professional use come with just a normal and a bold weight which are linked together. If no bold weight is provided, many renderers (browsers, word processors, graphic and DTP programs) support faking a bolder font by rendering the outline a second time at an offset, or just smearing it slightly at a diagonal angle.

The base weight differs among typefaces; that means one normal font may appear bolder than some other normal font. For example, fonts intended to be used in posters are often quite bold by default while fonts for long runs of text are rather light. Therefore, weight designations in font names may differ in regard to the actual absolute stroke weight or density of glyphs in the font.

Attempts to systematize a range of weights led to a numerical classification first used by Adrian Frutiger with the Univers typeface: 35 Extra Light, 45 Light, 55 Medium or Regular, 65 Bold, 75 Extra Bold, 85 Extra Bold, 95 Ultra Bold or Black.Deviants of these were the '6 series' (italics), e.g. 46 Light Italics etc., the '7 series' (condensed versions), e.g. 57 Medium Condensed etc., and the '8 series' (condensed italics), e.g. 68 Bold Condensed Italics.From this brief numerical system it is easier to determine exactly what a font's characteristics are, for instance 'Helvetica 67' (HE67) translates to 'Helvetica Bold Condensed'.

The first algorithmic description of fonts was perhaps made by Donald Knuth in his Metafont description language and interpreter. The TrueType font format introduced a scale from 100 through 900, which is also used in CSS and OpenType, where 400 is regular (roman or plain).

There are many names used to describe the weight of a font in its name, differing among type foundries and designers, but their relative order is usually fixed, something like this:

The terms normal, regular and plain, sometimes also book, are being used for the standard weight font of a typeface. Where both appear and differ, book is often lighter than regular, but in some typefaces it is bolder.

Before the arrival of computers, each weight had to be drawn manually. As a result, many older multi-weight families such as Gill Sans and Monotype Grotesque have considerable differences in styles from light to extra-bold. Since the 1980s, it has become increasingly common to use automation to construct a range of weights as points along a trend, multiple master or other parameterized font design. This means that many modern digital fonts such as Myriad and TheSans are offered in a large range of weights which offer a smooth and continuous transition from one weight to the next, although some digital fonts are created with extensive manual corrections.^[4]

As digital font design allows more variants to be created faster, an increasingly common development in professional font design is the use of 'grades': slightly different weights intended for different types of paper and ink, or printing in a different region with different ambient temperature and humidity.^[5][6] For example, a thin design printed on book paper and a thicker design printed on high-gloss magazine paper may come out looking identical, since in the former case the ink will soak and spread out more. Grades are typically offered with characters having the same width on all grades, so that a change of printing materials does not affect copyfit.^[7][8] Grades are especially common on serif fonts with their finer details.

Slope[edit]

In European typefaces, especially Roman ones, a slope or slanted style is used to emphasise important words. This is called italic type or oblique type. These designs normally slant to the right in left-to-right scripts. Oblique styles are often called italic, but differ from 'true italic' styles.

Italic styles are more flowing than the normal typeface, approaching a more handwritten, cursive style, possibly using ligatures more commonly or gaining swashes. Although rarely encountered, a typographic face may be accompanied by a matching calligraphic face (cursive, script), giving an exaggeratedly italic style.

In many sans-serif and some serif typefaces, especially in those with strokes of even thickness the characters of the italic fonts are only slanted, which is often done algorithmically, without otherwise changing their appearance. Such oblique fonts are not true italics, because lower-case letter-shapes do not change, but are often marketed as such. Fonts normally do not include both oblique and italic styles: the designer chooses to supply one or the other.

Since italic styles clearly look different to regular (roman) styles, it is possible to have 'upright italic' designs that take a more cursive form but remain upright; Computer Modern is an example of a font that offers this style. In Latin-script countries, upright italics are rare but are sometimes used in mathematics or in complex documents where a section of text already in italics needs a 'double italic' style to add emphasis to it. For example, the Cyrillic minuscule 'т' may look like a smaller form of its majuscule 'Т' or more like a roman small 'm' as in its standard italic appearance; in this case the distinction between styles is also a matter of local preference.

In Frutiger's nomenclature the second digit for upright fonts is a 5, for italic fonts a 6 and for condensed italic fonts an 8.

The two Japanese syllabaries, katakana and hiragana, are sometimes seen as two styles or typographic variants of each other, but usually are considered separate character sets as a few of the characters have separate kanji origins and the scripts are used for different purposes. The gothic style of the roman script with broken letter forms, on the other hand, is usually considered a mere typographic variant.

Cursive-only scripts such as Arabic also have different styles, in this case for example Naskh and Kufic, although these often depend on application, area or era.

There are other aspects that can differ among font styles, but more often these are considered immanent features of the typeface. These include the look of digits (text figures) and the minuscules, which may be smaller versions of the capital letters (small caps) although the script has developed characteristic shapes for them. Some typefaces do not include separate glyphs for the cases at all, thereby abolishing the bicamerality. While most of these use uppercase characters only, some labeled unicase exist which choose either the majuscule or the minuscule glyph at a common height for both characters.

Width[edit]

Some typefaces include fonts that vary the width of the characters (stretch), although this feature is usually rarer than weight or stroke. Narrower fonts are usually labeled compressed, condensed or narrow. In Frutiger's system, the second digit of condensed fonts is a 7. Wider fonts may be called wide, extended or expanded. Both can be further classified by prepending extra, ultra or the like. Compressing a font design to a condensed weight is a complex task, requiring the strokes to be slimmed down proportionally and often making the capitals straight-sided.^[a][9] It is particularly common to see condensed fonts for sans-serif and slab-serif families, since it is relatively practical to modify their structure to a condensed weight. Serif text faces are often only issued in the regular width.

These separate fonts have to be distinguished from techniques that alter the letter-spacing to achieve narrower or smaller words, especially for justified text alignment.

Most typefaces either have proportional or monospaced (i.e. typewriter-style) letter widths, if the script provides the possibility. There are, however, superfamilies covering both styles. Some fonts also provide both proportional and fixed-width (tabular) digits, where the former usually coincide with lowercase text figures and the latter with uppercase lining figures.

The width of a font will depend on its intended use. Times New Roman was designed with the goal of having small width, to fit more text into a newspaper. On the other hand, Palatino has large width to increase readability. The 'billing block' on a movie poster often uses extremely condensed type in order to meet union requirements on the people who must be credited and the font height relative to the rest of the poster.^[10]

Optical size[edit]

Some professional digital typefaces include fonts that are optimised for certain sizes, for instance by using a thinner stroke weight if they are intended for large-size display use, or by using ink traps if they are to be printed at small size on poor-quality paper.^[11] This was a natural feature in the metal type period for most typefaces, since each size would be cut separately and made to its own slightly different design.^[12][13] As an example of this, experienced Linotype designer Chauncey H. Griffith commented in 1947 that for a type he was working on intended for newspaper use, the 6 point size was not 50% as wide as the 12 point size, but about 71%.^[b][14] However, it declined in use as pantograph engraving, and especially phototypesetting and digital fonts made printing the same font at any size simpler. A mild revival has taken place in recent years.^{[15][16][17][18]} Optical sizes are more common for serif fonts, since their typically finer detail and higher contrast benefits more from being bulked up for smaller sizes and made less overpowering at larger ones.^[12]

There are several naming schemes for such variant designs.^[19] One such scheme, invented and popularized by Adobe Systems, refers to the variant fonts by the applications they are typically used for, with the exact point sizes intended varying slightly by typeface:

Poster

Extremely large sizes, usually larger than 72 point

Display

Large sizes, typically 19–72 point

Subhead

Large text, typically about 14–18 point

(Regular)

Usually left unnamed, typically about 10–13 point

Small Text (SmText)

Typically about 8–10 point

Caption

Very small, typically about 4–8 point

Metrics[edit]

Font metrics refers to metadata consisting of numeric values relating to size and space in the font overall, or in its individual glyphs. Font-wide metrics include cap height (the height of the capitals), x-height (the height of the lower-case letters) and ascender height, descender depth, and the font bounding box. Glyph-level metrics include the glyph bounding box, the advance width (the proper distance between the glyph's initial pen position and the next glyph's initial pen position), and sidebearings (space that pads the glyph outline on either side). Many digital (and some metal type) fonts are able to be kerned so that characters can be fitted more closely; the pair 'Wa' is a common example of this.

Some fonts, especially those intended for professional use, are duplexed: made with multiple weights having the same character width so that (for example) changing from regular to bold or italic does not affect word wrap.^[20]Sabon as originally designed was a notable example of this. (This was a standard feature of the Linotype hot metal typesetting system with regular and italic being duplexed, requiring awkward design choices as italics normally are narrower than the roman.)

A particularly important basic set of fonts that became an early standard in digital printing was the Core Font Set included in the PostScript printing system developed by Apple and Adobe. To avoid paying licensing fees for this set, many computer companies commissioned 'metrically-compatible' knock-off fonts with the same spacing, which could be used to display the same document without it seeming clearly different. Arial and Century Gothic are notable examples of this, being functional equivalents to the PostScript standard fonts Helvetica and ITC Avant Garde respectively.^{[21][22][23][24][25]} Some of these sets were created in order to be freely redistributable, for example Red Hat's Liberation fonts and Google's Croscore fonts, which duplicate the PostScript set and other common fonts used in Microsoft software such as Calibri.^[26] It is not a requirement that a metrically compatible design be identical to its origin in appearance apart from width.^[27]

Serifs[edit]

Although most typefaces are characterised by their use of serifs, there are superfamilies that incorporate serif (antiqua) and sans-serif (grotesque) or even intermediate slab serif (Egyptian) or semi-serif fonts with the same base outlines.

A more common font variant, especially of serif typefaces, is that of alternate capitals. They can have swashes to go with italic minuscules or they can be of a flourish design for use as initials (drop caps).

Character variants[edit]

Typefaces may be made in variants for different uses. These may be issued as separate font files, or the different characters may be included in the same font file if the font is a modern format such as OpenType and the application used can support this.^[28][29]

Alternative characters are often called stylistic alternates. These may be switched on to allow users more flexibility to customise the font to suit their needs. The practice is not new: in the 1930s, Gill Sans, a British design, was sold abroad with alternative characters to make it resemble fonts such as Futura popular in other countries, while Bembo from the same period has two styles of 'R': one with a stretched-out leg, matching its fifteenth-century model, and one less-common shorter version.^[30] With modern digital fonts, it is possible to group related alternative characters into stylistic sets, which may be turned on and off together. For example, in Williams Caslon Text, a revival of the 18th century font Caslon, the default italic forms have many swashes matching the original design. For a more spare appearance, these can all be turned off at once by engaging stylistic set 4.^[31]Junicode, intended for academic publishing, uses ss15 to enable a variant form of 'e' used in medieval Latin. A corporation commissioning a modified version of a commercial font for their own use, meanwhile, might request that their preferred alternates be set to default.

It is common for fonts intended for use in books for young children to use simplified, single-storey forms of the lowercase letters a and g (sometimes also y and l); these may be called infant or schoolbook alternates. They are traditionally believed to be easier for children to read and less confusing as they resemble the forms used in handwriting.^[32] Often schoolbook characters are released as a supplement to popular families such as Akzidenz-Grotesk, Gill Sans and Bembo; a well-known font intended specifically for school use is Sassoon Sans.^[33][34]

Besides alternate characters, in the metal type era the New York Times commissioned custom condensed single sorts for common long names that might often appear in news headings, such as 'Eisenhower', 'Chamberlain' or 'Rockefeller'.^[35]

Numerals[edit]

Fonts can have multiple kinds of numerals, including, as described above, proportional (variable width) and tabular (fixed width) as well as lining (upper-case height) and text (lower-case height) figures. They may also include separate styles for superscript and subscript digits. Professional fonts may include even more complex settings for typesetting numerals, such as numerals intended to match the height of small caps.^[36][37] In addition, some fonts such as Adobe’s Acumin and Christian Schwartz’s Neue Haas Grotesk digitisation offer two heights of lining (upper-case height) figures: one slightly lower than cap height, intended to blend better into continuous text, and one at exactly the cap height to look better in combination with capitals for uses such as UK postcodes.^{[38][39][40][41]} With the OpenType format, it is possible to bundle all these into a single digital font file, but earlier font releases may have only one type per file.

Subsetting[edit]

A typical font may contain hundreds or even thousands of glyphs, often representing characters from many different languages. Oftentimes, users may only need a small subset of the glyphs that are available to them. Subsetting is the process of removing unnecessary glyphs from a font file, usually with the goal of reducing file size. This is particularly important for web fonts, since reducing file size often means reducing page load time and server load. Alternatively, fonts may be issued in different files for different regions of the world, though with the spread of the OpenType format this is now increasingly uncommon.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Douglas Harper (2001). 'font'. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
2. ^'Basic Letterpress Tools'. Archived from the original on 2008-12-24. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
3. ^'font-weight'. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved 2017-07-04.
4. ^Phinney, Thomas. 'Comments on Quora thread'. Quora. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
5. ^Butterick, Matthew. 'Equity: specimen & manual'(PDF). MBType. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
6. ^'Benton Modern'. Font Bureau. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
7. ^Porchez, Jean François. 'Equity review'. Typographica. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
8. ^Peters, Yves. 'Grading Bennet'. Type Network. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
9. ^Frere-Jones, Tobias. 'Typeface Mechanics: 002'. Frere-Jones Type. Retrieved 27 December 2017. If we change that interval of white space without changing anything else, this doesn’t add up any more. Or more accurately, it adds up to something we didn’t want, if we had hoped to keep a consistent darkness. The proportion of black and white has changed, and that is where we get our sense of light and dark, not from the measure of any single element...So when we just put the weights and spaces where they look right, we create a relationship that is neither arithmetic nor geometric but somewhere between. Our eyes are perpetually tough customers, and rarely accept the simplest solution...Weight will crowd together according to the angle of intersection, with the problem getting more acute as the angle gets more acute. It’s why type designers will take a deep breath before starting a Compressed Extra Bold version of something, or why they might openly swear at the capital W.
10. ^Schott, Ben (February 23, 2013). 'Assembling the Billing Block'. The New York Times.
11. ^Reynolds, Dan. 'How To Choose The Right Face For A Beautiful Body'. Smashing. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
12. ^ ^abFrere-Jones, Tobias. 'MicroPlus'. Frere-Jones Type. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
13. ^'Requiem features'. Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
14. ^Tracy, Walter. Letters of Credit. pp. 52–55.
15. ^Ahrens and Mugikura. 'Size-specific Adjustments to Type Designs'. Just Another Foundry. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
16. ^Coles, Stephen. 'Book Review: Size-specific Adjustments to Type Designs'. Typographica. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
17. ^Kupferschmid, Indra. 'Multi-axes type families'. kupferschrift. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
18. ^'Trianon'. Production Type. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
19. ^Slimbach, Souser, Slye, Twardoch. 'Arno Pro specimen'(PDF). Adobe. Retrieved 3 July 2015.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
20. ^Butterick, Matthew. 'Concourse specimen pdf'. MBType. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
21. ^Shaw, Paul. 'Arial Addendum no. 3'. Blue Pencil. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
22. ^Shaw (& Nicholas). 'Arial addendum no. 4'. Blue Pencil. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
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1. ^Simply digitally compressing the font produces ugly results, since it narrows the vertical strokes but not the horizontals.
2. ^The typeface was the “Falcon” design by William Addison Dwiggins, ultimately never issued.

Further reading[edit]

• Blackwell, Lewis. 20th Century Type. Yale University Press: 2004. ISBN0-300-10073-6.
• Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. ISBN1-57912-023-7.
• Lupton, Ellen. Thinking with Type: A Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students, Princeton Architectural Press: 2004. ISBN1-56898-448-0.
• Headley, Gwyn. The Encyclopaedia of Fonts. Cassell Illustrated: 2005. ISBN1-84403-206-X.
• Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press: 2006. ISBN0-300-11151-7.